Do you know the names of Arthur's parents, siblings, or who he married? If you
could give a bit more information, then it might increase your responses to this
post. Best wishes in your search.

Arthur's parents were William Hanson (b. 1818 in Blyth, Notts.) and Selina Booth (b. 1812 in Sutton, Notts.). He had 5 siblings:
1) Elizabeth Hanson (b. 1837 in Sutton)
2) James Hanson (b. 1844 in Ranby/Blyth, Notts.)
3) Ann Hanson (b. 1846 in Ranby, Notts.)
4) Emma Hanson (b. 1848 in Appleby, Leics.)
5) George Hanson (b. 1850 in Tickhill, Yorks.)

Arthur married Sarah Frith (b. 1852 in Orgreave, Rotherham, Yorks.) in 1878 in Rotherham. She did not emigrate with him, but stayed at home in Treeton, Yorks. with their 4 surviving children. She never heard from him again.

Is this your Arthur*** and is family in 1871

1871 England Census
Name: William Hanson
Age: 53
Estimated Birth Year: abt 1818
Relation: Head
Spouse's Name: John Hanson
Gender: Male
Where born: Aldworth, Yorkshire, England
Civil parish: Rotherham
Ecclesiastical parish: All Saints
Town: Rotherham
County/Island: Yorkshire
Country: England
Registration district: Rotherham
Sub-registration district: Rotherham
ED, institution, or vessel: 2
Household schedule number: 49

Name Age place
William Hanson 53 Aldworth, Yorkshire, England
Selina Hanson 59 Sutton, Nottinghamshire
George Hanson 20 Tickhill, Yorkshire
Arthur Hanson 18 Tickhill, Yorkshire ***

New York, Passenger Lists, 1820-1957
Name: Arthur Hanson
Arrival Date: 7 Sep 1883
Birth Date: abt 1854
Age: 29
Gender: Male
Ethnicity/ Nationality: English
Place of Origin: England
Port of Departure: Liverpool, England and Queenstown, Ireland
Destination: United States of America
Port of Arrival: New York
Port Arrival State: New York
Port Arrival Country: United States
Ship Name: Adriatic

In the passenger list Arthur gives his occupation as miller. His occ in the 1871 census was miller so this might be your Arthur

Thank you. It is tempting to think that Arthur was on the Adriatic sailing in 1883, but I doubt that he left before 1885/6, since his youngest child was born in April 1886. Also, there is no family memory of him sailing away twice.

I'm not sure if he would have needed a passport, or if it would have been necessary for him to have used his real name (especially if he were travelling with a woman who was not his lawful wife).