The purpose of this journal is to acknowledge pioneers of the parish of Tullamarine not uncovered in Keilor, Bulla and Broadmeadows rate records,directories,local histories and oral history interviews with descendants of pioneering families, the main sources for my DICTIONARY HISTORY OF TULLAMARINE AND MILES AROUND.

The chronology will be preceded by an alphabetical index listing surnames and years* under which they appear so that family historians can quickly find if their ancestors are mentioned and only those who have a general interest need to plough through the whole journal. (*Pioneers mentioned incidentally in important background information will be labelled IBI.)


INDEX.
Some families were not resident in the year indicated, so don't be put off by the year. For instance, Alan Payne was a much later owner of land between part of Gowrie Park and Glendewar on which the airport terminal was built but is MENTIONED under 1861, as are J.R.Murphy, Hyslop and W.S.Cox in relation to Peter McCracken's dairy at Kensington.

1868C9 is a warning that the 1868 article re Richard Mitchell's insolvency and associated comments about fellow 1863 Broadmeadows ratepayers would not submit in the journal and finally submitted in comment 9. Residents mentioned in other comments will have C1, C2, C3 etc. after their surnames.

ALLEN 1861; ALSTON 1863; ANDERSON 1865,1868C9; ANGUS Andrew 1861; ANNAND IBI; BEAMAN 1868C9; BEECH C1; BETHELL ,C7; BLACK 1849; BREES 1861; BROWNE 1863,1868C9; BUNBURY I.B.I.; CLARK 1849,1861;CLARKE 1861; COCK 1861,1868C9; COGHILL 1849, 1861; COUSER 1868 C9, C7; COUSINS C6, C7,C8;DEAKIN 1863; DEWAR 1861; DUNCAN 1861,1864; DUNN 1863,1868C9; ELLIS 1861; EVANS 1868C9,C7,C11; FAWKNER 1861; FOSTER IBI,1868C9; GAWLEY 1868C9;GLENN 1863,1865, 1868C9; GRANT 1861, 1867; GUTHRIE 1857,1861,1862,1863, 1865, 1868C9; HAMILTON IBI; HARVIE C13; HENDRY 1855, 1866,1868C9,C7, , C13; HOCTOR 1868 C9; HOLLAND C1, C7;HYSLOP 1861;JOHNSON 1861; KENNEDY 1861; KENNY 1849; KETTLE 1868C9,C6; LAZARUS C1; LOEMAN 1861; LOFT 1868C9; LOVE 1865,1868C9; McCLUSKEY 1847; McCRACKEN 1849; 1861; McKERCHAR 1861; McNAB 1861; MACONOCHIE 1863,1868C9; MANSFIELD 1861; MILLAR 1868C9; MITCHELL 1868 C9; MURPHY 1861; NASH 1868C9; NEWMAN 1849; O'NIAL 1849,1868C9; PAYNE 1861; PETER 1868C9; POWELL 1859,C1; PRAIN 1857,1861 (SEE TRAIN); PUCKLE 1861; PURVIS 1855, 1868C9; RIDDELL 1847,1868 C9; SALMON 1861; SHARP 1868C9; TAYLOR 1861; TENNIEL C1,C7; THOMSON 1861; TRAIN (sic,PRAIN) 1861; WRIGHT 1868C9; WRIGHT Tulip C1; YOUNG C1;

IMPORTANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION.
TULLAMARINE PARISH MAP.
This can be found online with a TULLAMARINE,COUNTY OF BOURKE search.


CROWN LAND: LOT NUMBERS NOT CROWN ALLOTMENT NUMBERS!
John Carre Riddell's selection of 640 acres previously occupied by William McCluskey in 1847 illustrates a danger which family historians must keep in mind. Lot 3 in the parish of Tullamarine was NOT crown allotment 3,parish of Tullamarine;it was crown allotment 6. Do not assume that lot numbers in advertisements and reports of crown land sales or occupation licences correspond to crown allotment numbers.

Crown allotment 3,Tullamarine of 640 acres (SUBMIT) on the north side(SUBMIT) of Sharps Rd(SUBMIT)fr(SUBMIT)om
Broadmeadows Rd (submit)to its western end,(submit)was granted to W.V.L.Foster on 27-1-1843.(submit)Riddell's selection,previously occupied by McCuskey, was crown allotment 6 of 640 acres, on the western side of today's Mickleham Rd f-r-o-m a point

just south of the Freight Rd corner

to a point across the road

fr-om

Forman St with its

south west corner being crossed by Link Rd before the road curves to the west (midpoint of bottom of Melway 5,E 10.) This square mile was granted to Riddell on 30-3-1848 and with crown allotment 15 to the north,for which he'd received the grant on 30-11-1842, became part of Riddell and Hamilton's Camieston Estate.

In this case, lot two was crown allotment (or section) two. But to make sure this was so, I needed to see evidence,which luckily was provided. Section 2 Tullamarine,west of William Foster's section 3, was granted to George Annand who must have been the successful bidder and received the grant on 22-6-1850. J.F.L. Foster's section 20 Doutta Galla,"Leslie Banks" was between Fosters Rd (now Keilor Park Drive)and the river to the line of Spence St and section 2 joined Bunbury's grant,section 1, at the boundary of Melway maps 14 and 15. Section 1 was known as Glengyle and later Arundel.

2. 640, Six hundred and forty acres,
parish of Tullamarine, section No. 2.
Bounded on the north by section 7 ; on
the east by W. V. L. Foster's 640 acres ;
on the south by J. F. L Foster's 712
acres ; and on the west by R. H. Bun-
bury's 790 acres. (49-112)
(LEASES BY AUCTION. P.1, Argus,5-6-1849.)

SEGMENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION.
When crown land was first put on sale in the parish of Tullamarine in 1842, lot numbers and portion (section) numbers were the same but lot 19 was portion 1 in the parish of Bulla Bulla. The depression, which climaxed in 1843 and was basically caused by an oversupply of sheep, led to most of the huge areas of land not being sold.

Many sections fronting Deep Creek and the Moonee Moonee Chain of Ponds were broken into small crown allotments which were later consolidated to form farms such as Aucholzie on the former and Camp Hill and Viewpoint on the latter.

John Pascoe Fawkner bought portions 7, most of 13, and 10 on behalf of his land cooperative members in about 1850 and subdivided them into farms of about 7 acres. Riddell and Hamilton, who had swapped some land near Bulla Rd with Fawkner, subdivided the Camieston estate at about the same time, with Chandos (fronting the west side of today's Mickleham Rd
f-r-o-m
Freight Rd north to the creek)
comprising about 450 acres, and the rest consisting of blocks of about 7 acres that were consolidated into farms such as Fairview and Sunnyside.

The part of William Foster's section 3 east of Bulla Rd was leased in small parcels with the Lady of the Lake hotel operating by the late 1840's and most of the land was occupied by small farms such as Broombank and a paddock associated with the Junction Hotel. (Northedge, Andlon and Londrew Ct area.)


Geelong Advertiser (Vic. : 1840 - 1845) Monday 22 August 1842 p 4.
PORT PHILLIP---SALE OF LAND. HIS Excellency the Governor directs it to be notified that, at eleven o'clock of Wednesday, the 19th day of October next, the under-mentioned portions of land will be put up to selection, in some convenient place in the town of Melbourne, Port Phillip. The holders of land receipts under the regulations of 21st January, 1841,will be allowed to select, without competition,
f-r-o-m
the lands now advertised, and at the fixed price of ? 1 per acre, in satisfaction of their orders; but this permission will only extend to within one month
f-r-o-m
the day of sale, namely, to the 19th day of September inclusive, in order that the public may have due notice of the lots thus disposed of. Further information respecting the lands may be obtained f-r-o-m the Surveyor General, in Sydney, and the officer in charge of the survey department in Port Phillip ; and respecting the conditions of sale f-r-o-m the Colonial Treasurer, in Sydney, and the Sub-Treasurer, at Melbourne.

.1. Bourke. nine hundred and seven acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 1,upset price ?1 per acre.
2. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 2; upset price one pound per acre.
3. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine. portion 3; upset price one pound per acre.
4. Bourke, seven hundred and eightyone acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 4; upset price one pound per acre.
5. Bourke, seven hundred and eighty.five acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 5; upset price one pound per acre
.6. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 6; upset price one pound per acre.
7. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 7; upset price one pound per acre
.8. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 8; upset price one pound per acre
.9. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of' Tullamarine, portion 9; upset price one pound per acre.
10. Bourke, four hundred and forty eight acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 10; upset price one pound per acre.
11. Bourke, nine hundred and sixty five acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 11 ; upset~price one pound per acre.

12. Bourke, three hundred and thirty eight acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 12 ; upset price one pound peracre. -
13. Bourke, nine hundred and sixty one acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 13; upset price one pound per acre.

14. Bourke, six hundred and forty acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 14 ; upset price one pound per acre.

15. Bourke, seven hundred and thirteen acres, parish of Tullamarine,portion 15 ; upset price one pound per acre.
16. Bourke, five hundred and thirty three acres~ parish of Tuilamarine, portion 16; upset-price one pound per acre.

17. Bourke, nine hundred and forty one acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 17; upset price one pound per acre.
18. Bourke; seven hundred and twenty three acres, parish of Tullamarine, portion 18; upset price one pound per acre.

Seems crazy but it seems that part of my problem submitting was that FROM must be a dirty four letter word.
Imagine my relief to find that the text for lots 1 to 18 (which did not include that naughty word)submitted in one go!

CHRONOLOGY.

1847.
OCCUPATION LICENSES.
WITH reference to the sale of Occupation Licenses, to take place at Melbourne, on Wednesday the 30th instant,
Notice is hereby given that lot No. 3, county of Bourke parish of Tullamarine,containing 640 acres, under

license to William M'Cluskey until the 30th June, 1847, has been selected by John Carr Riddle (sic) at the

upset price of ?1 per acre, in accordance with the Act of Parliament, 5th and 6th Victoria, Cap. 36, and is

therefore withdrawn

f-r-o-m

the sale above mentioned.
By order of his Honor,the Superintendent, ROBERT HODDLE, Surveyor. Survey Office, Melbourne,June 1, 1847.
(P.2,The Melbourne Argus, 8-6-1847.)

1849.
The 1849 electoral roll for the Port Phillip District included the following residents living in the parish of Tullamarine. The parish ran north f-r-o-m

the line of Sharps Rd and the east-west course of the Maribyrnong River to the line of Grants Rd. Moonee Moonee Ponds within the parish meant near the Moonee Ponds Creek, such as Camp Hill, Viewpoint, Stewarton, Chandos,Fairview, Sunnyside and Glendewar. Moonee Ponds also included residents outside the parish of Tullamarine such as the Napiers of Rosebank and the Robertsons of La Rose; some residents whose address was only given as Moonee Moonee Ponds have been included as they were known to live within the parish of Tullamarine.

ARGUS, 25-6-1849, 29-6-1849, 3-7-1849.
BLACK Neil, Moonee Moonee Ponds (owner of section 5, Stewarton,later renamed Gladstone,which was leased by Peter McCracken* 1846-1855); COGHILL George,Tullamarine (Glencairne, which became the southern part of Walter Clark's Glenara circa 1856-his father William Coghill,owned Cumberland across the Moonee Ponds in the parish of Will Will Rook); KENNY Air (Eyre) Evans, Camphill, Moonee Ponds (section 4,crown allotments 3 and 4);
NEWMAN,Daniel, Moonee Ponds; O'NIAL David William, Springs,Mt Macedon Rd (i.e.the Lady of the Lake hotel just south east of the present Melrose Drive/ Derby St corner); RIDDELL John Carre,Moonee Moonee Ponds (i.e.sections 6 and 15).
* Peter McCracken's own words (McCracken letters)but his address was given as "near River Plenty." on the roll.

1855.
MARRIED.
By special license, by the Rev. Thomas Odell, James Purvis, of Tullamarine, to Christina Hendry,youngest daughter of Mr. James Hendry, of Perth,Scotland.(P.4,Argus, 4-7-1855.)

Thomas Purvis bought lots 14, 27 and 28 of Riddell and Hamilton's Camieston Estate which had frontages to the west side of Wright(now Springbank) St and the north side of Derby St (roughly Melway 5 G8.) James Hendry,probably Christina's brother, was later the postmaster for Tullamarine, probably at the junction near the Junction Hotel and the toll gate.

1857.
Alex Prain marries Miss Hendry (mentioned under 1861.)

On the 28th ult., at her son's residence, Glengyle, after a long and protracted illness, Elizabeth Guthrie,
widow of late Mr. John Guthrie, Inch, Invernesshire,Scotland, aged 78 years. (P.4,Argus,3-3-1857.)
Elizabeth was the mother of Andrew and James Guthrie.

SORRY READERS;I CAN'T HELP MYSELF. I WONDER IF "INCH" GREW INTO A TWELVE TIMES BIGGER SETTLEMENT AND WAS RENAMED "FOOT".

1859.
CONTRACTS ACCEPTED. W.H. Powell, conveyance of mails to and f-r-o-m

Journal abandoned. See comment 1.

NO WONDER I RETIRED!

1861.
Tullamarine looked likely to get a railway in the 1880's and 1920's but they already had a Train in 1860. The store was probably at Tullamarine Junction near the toll gate and the Wesleyan school.

POSTSCRIPT. THE INSOLVENT MAY NOT HAVE BEEN A TRAIN AT ALL. SO MUCH FOR MY CORNY JOKE. I appear to have been correct in guessing that the Hendrys took over Alexander's store. See the marriage notice. Broadmeadows probably means the district rather than the township. Confirmation that the insolvent's surname was Prain,a list of those to appear at the insolvents' court, follows the marriage notice.

NEW INSOLVENTS.
Alexander Train, Tullamarine, storekeeper.Causes of insolvency-Depression in business and pressure of creditors. Debts. ?69 15s. 3d. ;assets, ?57 2s. 8d. ; deficiency, ?2 12s. 7d. Mr. Goodman, official assignee. (P.1s, Argus, 14-1-1861.)

On the 26th inst., at Lonsdale-street Congregational Church, by the Rev. Thomas Odell, Mr. Alexander
Prain, of Campbelfield, to Miss Mary Hendry, of Broadmeadows. (P.4, Argus,28-3-1857.)

The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Thursday 14 February 1861 p 6 Article
... , Benjamin Tinker, Friderick Leonard, Maslen and Litchfield, Thomas Cox, Alexander Prain, Richard ..

DEATH BY DROWNING.-Mr. Candler held an inquest, on Thursday, at Keilor, on the body of a man named Andrew Angus, who was found drowned in the Deep Creek, a few days ago. The deceased had been in the service of Mr. Guthrie, a farmer, at Glengyle, and was last seen alive on the 11th ultimo, on his leaving for Melbourne,
with a load of hay. The evidence appeared to lead to the conclusion that he had been drowned while attempting to cross the creek, which was Swollen at the time. The jury found a verdict to that effect.
(P.2,Bendigo Advertiser, 13-8-1861.)
Poor Andrew would have drowned at Bertram's Ford,just metres west of the modern Arundel bridge.

TULLAMARINE FARMS.
I was disappointed when I first read the following article because I was expecting the same sort of wide-ranging tour that the Mornington Standard conducted over most of the Mornington Peninsula in 1902,with detail of every farm. Despite the small number of farms described,the article contains much interesting detail. The itemised costs of farming,which I'd never thought about, are thorough but would be more meaningful if the expected return per ton of hay had been given. The wheat would probably have been carted through Glenara,with the permission of Walter Clark,(who had bought land and the Inverness Hotel from Alexander Kennedy and George Coghill's "Glencairn" to the south in about 1856) to the flour mill on Lochton (Melway 176 C4),whose ruins are heritage-listed.This mill closed in 1863 and, like Michael Loeman on Tullamarine Island, those mentioned as wheat growers below probably gave up wheat growing. I will make some comments about the article in italics re location,the farm and farmer etc. at the end of each farm description. I will have to guess that Mr.D.'s brother (Duncan? Dewar?) was the occupant of Gowrie Side and that Mr Coghill's forest was on "Cumberland."


FARMING IN THE DEEP CREEK
DISTRICT.
(FROM THE FARMERS' JOURNAL.)
At a distance of about twelve miles from Melbourne, 0n the road to Bulla, is situated Tullamarine, hamlet, village, or township,whichever it may be, but under which of these designations it now ranks we should be rather perplexed to decide. Time was, when Tullamarine might have hoped for development into a full-blown village, but that was ere railways had an existence, and before also the now capitally metalled, but little used road, had replaced the rugged and at times impassable bush track, the only facility afforded for travelling in those days. It was than that butchers, bakers, and storekeepers, plied an active trade with the multitude of draymen who thronged to the levees of the 'Lady of the Lake", (peace to her ashes)alas, no more. The ' Beech Tree' alone now offers the shade of its wide spreading branches,as a rest for tho thirsty traveller ; the slight wooden tenements, in which a thriving business once was done, are apparently deserted, and the
traffic 0n the road is insufficient to prevent the metal becoming nearly as verdant as the fields.

The road to Bulla Village from North Melbourne was declared in 1847 and was THE GREAT ROAD TO THE DIGGINGS in the early 1850's. Heavily laden drays during the early years of the gold rush left the road in deplorable condition. In 1854,the government chose the route through Keilor when spending much money on a good road to the diggings, and the first high level bridge in that village that would not be swept away in the next flood,Samuel Brees' bridge which lasted 14 years before being replaced by the iron "flower basket" bridge.

That new route took the passing trade away from Tullamarine, Bulla and Sunbury,the last named being overshadowed by "The Gap" on the road to Mount Alexander. Sunbury was saved from becoming a sleepy hollow in 1858 when the Murray River and Mt Alexander Railway reached the town. The planned village of Gretna Green on the part of Camp Hill west of Bulla Rd went down like a lead balloon.

It is now known that the Lady of the Lake was destroyed by fire PRIOR TO OCTOBER 1861. I knew that it no longer existed in 1867 when my great grandfather, John Cock, started his 15 year lease on the adjacent "Broombank".

But if the natural progress of settlement has been hostile to the commercial prosperity of the place, the agricultural interest has not been similarly affected ; farmers have proceeded with their ploughing, sowing, and reaping, much as farmers always do, excepting that a great deal of the land on this, as well as on the
Keilor road, exhibits unmistakeable signs of exhaustion from repeated cropping with cereals without manure. These symptoms are apparent on portions even of the best managed farms in this neighborhood, and must inevitably continue to characterise it until root and green crops are more generally grown, and live stock to a proportionate extent kept for consumption.

The wiser farmers continued the old country practice of crop rotation (including a year in fallow)but with the demand for hay from carriers to the diggings,most farmers placed more importance on the proverb:"make hay while the sun shines."

The first farm to which our attention was directed was that of Mr John Grant, of Seafield, who has 400 acres of naturally good agricultural land, 100 acres of which are under the plough and the remainder in native pasture. Artificial or English grasses,as they are termed, have not as yet been much sown in this neighborhood, but many of the farmers have made a beginning, and we here saw 22 acres of lucerne and rye grass, affording a strong contrast to the natural pastures, and which will ensure, we should think, a much wider breadth being sown in future. The wheat crop consists of 73 acres, the remainder of the arable land being occupied by oats, chiefly for hay.

This crop was looking very well, guano having been used on it at the rate of about 1 cwt to the acre. Hay being the staple product of the district, we endeavored to obtain, from good authorities,an estimate of the cost of this crop, which it was generally agreed was about as follows : ?
'Wages and maintenance of ploughman, 28s per week ;
keep of pair of horses, 3 bushels of oatsand 3 cwt hay, 27s per week ;
blacksmith, 3s per week ;
3.5 bushels of seed per acre, at 4s.

A man and a pair of horses could plough one acre per day, and thoroughly harrow five. It was considered that rolling would cost about 1s per acre. So far, then, the calculation would stand thus : ?
Ploughing and harrowing 5 acres,
man's wages and keep L 1 8 0
Horses' keep L 1 7 0
Blacksmith L 0 3 0
Rolling L 0 5 0
Seed, at 14s per acre L.3 10 0
Mowing, at 6 s 6d per acre L.1 12 6
Making, at ditto L.1 12 6
Stacking and thatching, at 5s per acre L 1 5 0
(total) ?11 3 0
or about ?2 4s 7d per acre in the rick, exclusive of rent and interest on capital invested, onwhich we could get no very satisfactory decision. Every farmer can add the ?l per acre he has been paying as rent, or the holder of an occupation license can add his half-crown. One and a half ton per acre was considered a fair
average crop, which would make the actual expenses enumerated above amount to ?1 9 9 per ton.
Rent ? say at ?1 per acre . . L.0 13 4 do. (per ton)
Trussing, 4s per ton L 0 4 0 do.
Marketing, commission,dues and all other expenses L. 0 16 0 do.
Making tho cost ?3 3 1 per ton,exclusive of interest on capital.

The cost of growing and making hay differs in various parts of the colony, and we should be glad if any of our readers whose experience does not agree with the above would afford us the means of comparison, by informing us in what respect our figures differ from theirs. But to resume.

On our return from inspecting the corn crops, we passed through the orchard and garden, containing a moderate assortment of healthy trees in very full bearing. Near to this is a reservoir capable of supplying all the stock on the farm for more than a year, should a lengthened drought happen ; it was formed by damming a small creek in which, at the depth of 22 feet, a spring was met with. This creek, by a succession of dams, might be made a highly ornamental object when viewed from the windows of Mr Grant's new house, a fine bluestone
structure in process of erection on the adjoining rise. The stables and barn are commodious : the latter contained an easily worked thrashing machine, by M'Cartney and Drummond, and the bulk of the last year's crop of wheat, a fine sample of white Kent, which had the fortune to be well harvested.

The natural pastures were tenanted by a small herd of Ayrshires, and a second herd were in occupation of similar ground on the other side of the farm. Tho bull we saw and several of the cows were pure bred, and very good specimens of the breed, though rather low in flesh, the Ayrshires being great milkers, and inapt to lay on flesh till they are dried off, after which they rapidly get fat.Their value for the dairy is well known, and we were not, therefore, surprised that all of the dairy cows kept here had more or less of the Ayrshire blood in them. There is, as usual, a favorite old cow, from which most of the herd has sprung ; she is 17 years old, hale and hearty, but thin.

A few good mares were here with their foals ? one, a half-bred Suffolk, had just dropped a fine foal to Ben Lomond.

In the corner of the paddock, nearest the Deep Creek road, is the National school, on the site presented
by Mr Grant. We were startled to find about sixty scholars assembled, and wondered very much whence so many could have come.

It is amazing that the McNabs were not mentioned. John Grant was married to a McNab lass and both families purchased section 8 Tullamarine (640 acres)from the crown with Grant taking the northern half fronting Grant's Lane (Melway 4H 6-7 to 5 A 7,part 8)and the McNab brothers each having 160 acres,Victoria Bank adjoining Seafield and Oakbank further south (Melway 4 G 9 to 5 part A,parts 9,10.) The McNab Ayrshire herd was famed throughout Australia and formed the basis of the Tasmanian herd. I would not be surprised if the Grant herd originated from the McNabs' Oakbank Annie, the first Ayrshire cow imported into Australia, and the McKerchar herd at Greenvale originated in the same way.(See my MCNAB journal.)

The Seafield River Frontage (Melway 4 F8) comprised the rest of John Grant's 400 acres. The Seafield homestead was being built in 1861. This fact has not been established before. Seafield National School (Melway,bottom of 4 F5)operated from 1859 to 1884 when it and the Wesleyan School were replaced by State School 2613 at the Bulla Rd/ Conders Lane (Link Rd)north corner. It is no mystery where the large number of pupils came from.John Pascoe Fawkner had established a land co-operative settlement on both sides of Mansfields Rd (Melway 4 C 2-4 to G 3-5)circa 1850. This was north west of Seafield. He had done the same on section 7 east of section 8 and such as Joseph Allen (5 B8)would have found the Seafield school much closer than the Wesleyan one (Melway 5 H 12).

John Grant had a claim to fame. It was not as the pioneer of Ayrshires as members of his family later claimed. If this claim was true, John would surely have mentioned it in his 1888 biog.in VICTORIA AND ITS METROPOLIS. But he is credited with growing the first large tract of wheat in Victoria while at Campbellfield, before moving to Tullamarine.

Taking leave of Seafield at this point, we entered on the farm of Mr David Duncan, a level piece of good agricultural land about 470 acres in extent, 332 of which are under the plough and the balance in natural pasturage.There is a fine stretch of wheat, 120 acres all in one piece, looking remarkably even and well,but sown rather later than we would have liked. Of oats intended for seed we inspected forty acres, very good and even ; next to which were forty acres of self-sown, intended for hay,of which we have only to say that they were better than self-sown oats deserve to be. It appeared, however, that they were not intended for a crop, but were considered too good to plough up. There is also a breadth of 120 acres for hay, which as far as the cursory glance we were enabled to give them permitted us to judge, were likely to give an average crop, ex-
cepting the late sown ones ; these must rely solely on the weather during the next two months ; the twelve acres of barley in ear was a capital piece.

Mr Duncan is among the successful exhibitors of horse-stock, both at Melbourne and country shows, and his pasture land contained several fine mares and young stock of various ages.

David Duncan was a joint grantee of section 14 Tullamarine in 1850 but later bought the share of his partner William Thompson. Bulla Rd had cut off 80 acres at the north east corner so that Gowrie Park (unsubdivided) consisted of 560 acres but the northern part,Gowrie Side of about 90 acres was obviously detached from it by 1861 because David only had 470 acres;perhaps Thompson's share of the grant had been the northern 90 acres and the north eastern 80 acres cut off by Bulla Rd. Gowrie Park is west of the airport terminal building and extends north to about Distance Rd. David Duncan was a founder of the Agricultural Society and was highly applauded for his contributions. (See PORT PHILLIP PIONEERS website.) He was also a builder and built the now-demolished Roseneath east of Woodlands Park, Essendon where Big Clarke died and William Salmon lived for many years. (See my DAVID DUNCAN THE BUILDER journal.)


The farm of Mr Dewar adjoins that of Mr D. Duncan ; there is also a farm in the occupation of a brother of Mr
D.'s, the homestead of which is prettily set off by Mr Coghill's forest,its sombre green forming an admirable background and shelter from hot winds.

It was rather stupid of the reporter to use Mr D. as an abbreviation when he was discussing both Mr Duncan and Mr Dewar. William Dewar's Glendewar was across Bulla Rd from Gowrie Park. It was part of Riddell's grant, section 15 Tullamarine, as was the south east corner now containing the original airport terminal,which Riddell sold to John Mansfield (volume 106 folio 595)that was Alan Payne's pig farm Scone when acquired for the airport.

William Dewar was a caretaker for Riddell* before purchasing a large part of it.(volume 46 folio 766.) (*His biog.in VICTORIA AND ITS METROPOLIS.) Glendewar's Bulla road frontage stretched from the bottom of Melway 5 E7 to the middle of 5 B4 and the new homestead built by the Johnsons (after the beautiful Cumberland homestead -Melway 5 C1-was burnt down)was at the junction of the freeway and Melbourne Drive in the top half of 5 D6. William Dewar's original homestead was much nearer the Moonee Ponds Creek.It is not shown on the ordnance map mentioned below but a driveway to nothing,nearly 800 metres long indicates that this bluestone dwelling was near Marker Rd in Melway 5D4.

An army ordnance map reproduced on page 17 of my EARLY LANDOWNERS:PARISH OF TULLAMARINE shows all the farm houses in the area under discussion in the article and far beyond. A driveway left Grants Lane (the southern boundary of Gowrie Park) 693 metres east of McNabs Rd and extended 800 metres due north to a house. At the time (about 2000), I assumed that this was the Gowrie Park homestead but I now notice what seems to be a house only 213 metres north of Grants Rd about 960 east of McNabs Rd and 1280 metres east of Ellis's corner (the bend in Melrose Drive which was the original Bulla Rd/ Grant's Lane corner.)

I now think that the more northerly house was the Gowrie Side homestead occupied by David Duncan's brother and that the one farther east was the Gowrie Park homestead.Thus the Gowrie Park homestead in the bottom left corner of 5 A5 and the Gowrie Side homestead would be near the top right corner of 4 J4.

Just where in Gowrie Park the reporter was standing when he saw Mr D's brother's farm "the homestead of which is prettily set off by Mr Coghill's forest,its sombre green forming an admirable background and shelter from hot winds" is not known. The hot winds would be northerlies so I believe he was at about the site of gate 18 in 4 J5 looking at the Gowrie Side homestead (east of the runway in 4 J4) with Coghill's "Cumberland" forest visible directly behind at 5 A1.


Time, however, prevented our visiting these places,but it may be mentioned that on most soils in that district, the early wheats are irregular; no rain having fallen for so long a time after they were sown, much of the seed perished or came away at uncertain intervals, some even as late as that sown in the spring. The same cause
operated unfavorably on the early sown oats, part of which are in jag whilst others have barely attained six inches in height. There is not, perhaps, much more wheat sown this year than in average seasons, in the district under notice, but there is certainly less hay, much of the land that once bore it being no longer
under cultivation. The larger farms are gradually initiating a reproductive system by increasing the amount of stock, though as yet not to much extent, and we were gratified to observe the importance of root crops beginning to be recognised. But on passing down the Deep Creek Road towards Melbourne, the number of small farms now vacant leads to the inference that such limited holdings do not, at the present price of produce, prove remunerative to the occupant. With proper farming, and attention to minor matters, they might have afforded a living to an industrious man ; but though attempting to cultivate more than can be done well is bad policy, it is equally injudicious and unprofitable to be cramped for room ; both extremes should be avoided.

The smaller farms of about 7 acres,or multiples thereof,would have been too small to allow rotation of crops and much grazing other than for a milking cow,a horse for ploughing, small gardens and orchards etc.,so the soil soon became depleted of minerals. On top of this,lack of farming expertise and the fall-off in passing trade due to the Keilor route, many members of J.P.Fawkner's land cooperative sold their blocks which were absorbed into Oakbank or were consolidated into Love's dairy farm or Spiers' 101 acre farm (later Bill Ellis's "Ecclesfield".)

Nearing Melbourne, and whilst still in the district of Moonee Ponds, many of the fields present one unbroken mass of sorrel, just now in bloom. To these no stronger contrast could be afforded than the beautiful paddock that connects Mr M'Cracken's farm with the road, now perfectly white with the blossoms of Dutch clover.Why, with such an example before them, the owners or occupiers of sorrel paddocks permit them to remain in so unprofitable a state, we cannot conceive. At best, it is very discreditable, and we hope they will take the hint.(P.7,The Age, 24-10-1861.)

As a city slicker, I had no idea what sorrel was. The Wikipedia entry has some good photos and much detail,of which I provide only the following.

Common sorrel or garden sorrel (Rumex acetosa), often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb in the family Polygonaceae. Other names for sorrel include spinach dock and narrow-leaved dock. It is a common plant in grassland habitats and is cultivated as a garden herb or leaf vegetable (pot herb).

Peter McCracken's farm was "Ardmillan" which fronted Mt Alexander Rd between the lines of Derby St and the Ardmillan Rd/Park St midline. Peter had leased much of today's Gladstone Park from 1846 to 1855 and then leased two thirds of Murphy's grants between Macaulay Rd and Swamp (Dynon) Rd at Kensington to run a dairy farm while his Ardmillan mansion was being built with profits from the family brewery. He moved onto Ardmillan,probably leaving the dairy in the care of Mr Hyslop (Victoria and its Metropolis entry;can't remember his christian name)but poor returns and burnt haystacks etc.forced him to give up the Kensington dairy farm which (with part of Highett's grant fronting the east side of Footscray - now Kensington-Rd) became the Kensington Park Racecourse run by W.S.Cox until 1882 when Murphy's estate was subdivided,forcing a move to Feehan's Farm at Moonee Valley.

Peter was a major shareholder in the private railway between North Melbourne and Essendon,which was in operation by 1861. Therefore the beautiful paddock described was between the railway and Mt Alexander Rd. The railway closed in 1864 due to losses and Peter was forced to sell the majority of Ardmillan to Rev. Puckle's son and the beautiful paddock to Taylor, after whom Taylor St is named.He moved to a heritage listed house in Powlett St (Gipps St corner?),East Melbourne.

DEATH OF JOHN McNAB'S MOTHER.
THE Friends of Mr. JOHN Mc'NAB, farmer, of Tullamarine, are respectively Invited to follow the remains of his late mother to the place of interment,Campbellfield Cemetery, The funeral will leave Tullamarine to-morrow, Friday, at 11 o'clock a.m. (P.8, Argus,26-12-1861.)

Campbellfield cemetery could mean the Will Will Rook cemetery or the even more historic cemetery near the Scots Church in Sydney Rd. In this case it was the former.
Will Will Rook Cemetery - Australian Cemeteries
www.australiancemeteries.com/.../Will%20Will%20Rook%20Broadmead...
Will Will Rook cemetery is located off Camp Road Broadmeadows and is also ... then 2007. Looking towards McNab grave on left and the Camerons on right.

1862.
Dr Candler held an inquest at Essendon yesterday, on the body of a man named James Guthrie. The deceased was a farmer, residing at Tullamarine, with his brother. They had been to Melbourne together on the Monday, and his
brother went home on Monday evening, leaving him in town. From the evidence of a Mr Rocher, who keeps the Farmers' Arms Hotel, Moonee Ponds, it appears that deceased came to his house and stopped there drinking until a late hour in the night, when he called for his horse,which he mounted and rode away. He then appeared capable of taking care of himself. Charles Wooley, a laboring man, found the deceased at half-past six o'clock on Tuesday morning, lying on his face, quite dead, on the Keilor road, near the Lincolnshire Arms, to which place he conveyed him. There were no marks of any struggle having taken place near the spot. The horse belonging to the deceased had gone home, and was found by deceased's brother standing outside the stable door next morning. The jury returned a verdict that deceased had died from extravasation of blood on the brain, probably caused by a fall from off his horse. (P.5,The Age,28-8-1862.)

The Farmers'Arms still stands on the south west corner of Mt Alexander Rd and Buckley St,Essendon but is no longer a hotel. Mr Rocher was probably leasing the hotel from Peter Pitches who started it and is recalled by Pitches St just south of the hotel site. William Chadwick from Broadmeadows Township later ran it for many years before moving to Benalla and building a hotel of the same name which remains,near the station.

The Guthries would have travelled to Glengyle via Keilor Village and today's Borrell St (named after the 1916 Spanish pioneers on Gumm's Corner when the Calder Freeway cut it off) which was originally called Arundel Rd, crossing the river on Bertram's Ford.The Linc. still stands on the same site but is not Tulip Wight's original building. The Woolleys were early pioneers who lived in the area for a long time and I seem to remember George Woolley living in the historic "Laluma". Alexander and James Guthrie were co-grantees of 1022 acres in the parish of Bulla. As Andrew had moved onto Torgarf*just over a fortnight after his brother's death, I presume that the deceased was the co-grantee.

POSTSCRIPT. Andrew Guthrie would have gone to Torgarf (not Glengyle)on the Monday night to give his dairy cows a beauty treatment the next morning so they'd look attractive for the sale of his 65 cows and dairy implements on September 4.Ironically the advertisement and the inquest report were published on the same day! It appears that James was finalising the departure from Glengyle (selling the corn,or Maize? crops etc)while Andrew got Torgarf underway,having already transferred the dairying operation.
M .M'cCAW and ANOTHER have received instructions from A Guthrie, Esq., in consequence of his determination to confine his attention exclusively to sheep farming, to SELL by AUCTION, at Torgarf, near the Constitution Hotel, etc. (P.2, Argus, 28-8-1862.)
The Coopers'Constitution Hotel was across Sunbury Rd from the Lancefield turn off (Dunsford's Track.)

IN the SUPREME COURT of the COLONY of VICTORIA : in Its Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction.-
In the Goods of JAMES GUTHRIE, of Glengyle, in the Parish of Tullamarine, in the County of Bourke, in
the Colony of Victoria, Farmer, Deceased, Intestate -Notlce 1s hereby given, that, after the expiration of
fourteen days after the publication hereof, application will be made to this Honourable Court, In its ecles?as-
tlcal jurisdiction, that LETTERS of ADMINISTRATION of all the personal effects whatsoever within the
colony of Victoria, of the above-named deceased, James Guthrie, may be granted and committed to Alexander Guthrie, of Torgart*, near Sunbury, in the county of Bourke, in the colony of Victoria, brother and next of kin to the said deceased.
Dated this 10th day of September, ? D 1862. MACGREGOR acd HENDERSON, 67 Little Collins street west, Melbourne, proctors for the above named Alexander Guthrie. (P.7, Argus, 16-9-1862.)

1863.
The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Saturday 3 January 1863 p 4 Family Notices
BIRTHS. BROWNE.-On tho 1st inst., at Camp Hill, Tullamarine, Mrs. H. J.Browne of a daughter.
Hugh Junor Browne was an early member of the Broadmeadows Road Board but resigned in 1864 or 1865 while serving a term as chairman, along with James Maconochie of Stewarton (northern 777 acres of Gladstone Park)and John Bethell of Broadmeadows Township. (P.55, BROADMEADOWS:A FORGOTTEN HISTORY.)Andrew Lemon can be forgiven for giving his surname as Brown (as it was written in the rate book!)

A letter from Hugh Browne, who said much the same as his neighbour to the north (Edmund Dunn of Viewpoint) about the Melbourne Hunt's disregard for farmers' fences and crops has been included in my journal DON'T YOU DARE MELBOURNE HUNT.

I'm guessing the baby was named Pattie and was the subject of one of a series of articles entitled WOMEN WHO HAVE HELPED TO MAKE AUSTRALIA. Good guess?
Deakin, Elizabeth Martha Anne - National Library of Australia
nla.gov.au/nla.party-728060
At age 19 in 1882 Pattie Browne married Alfred Deakin who became the ... Pattie Browne was born at Camp Hill, Tullamarine Victoria on 1st January 1863. ... In 1912 Pattie was invited to be president of the Lyceum Club, a new club for women


Glenn and Guthrie farming on Camp Hill. (Assessment in Broadmeadows rates.) The name of Robert Glenn's partner cannot be recalled at the moment but it was not Alexander and James (the Glengyle farmers); Glenn's partner's brother was W.J.Guthrie,as revealed in a progress report re the insolvency of Robert Glenn.

I.W.Symonds (BULLA BULLA) or Grant Aldous (THE SHIRE THAT TOOK OFF- unpublished manuscript perused at the Sam Merrifield Library)stated that Gilbert Alston conducted his trade at Tullamarine before becoming a Bulla pioneer.This advertisement confirms the claim. I wonder if his nephew, William Alston and young Gilbert (who became early Mornington blackmiths in partnership*) started their apprenticeships with Gilbert at Tullamarine or Bulla. (*THE BUTCHER THE BAKER THE by Bruce Bennett.) See the ALSTON entry in my DICTIONARY HISTORY OF BULLA journal for extensive information.

WANTED, an APPRENTlCE, or improver, to the wheelwright business. Apply to Gllbert Alston, Tullamarine.
(P.1,Argus, 11-7-1863.)

1864.
DAVID DUNCAN'S DEATH. The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957) Saturday 17 December 1864 p 8 Family Notices
... -park, Tullamarine, are respectfully invited to follow his remains to the place of interment in the Melbourne ...

1865.
William Love showed little love to Thomas Anderson whom he assaulted. William Love had a wedge shaped parcel of land on the west side of Victoria St which separated Charles Nash's Fairview from William Dewar's Glendewar and I believe that Thomas Anderson's land (assessed by Broadmeadows Road Board) was south of Fairview. The following record comes from Sue O'Neill and Angela Evans' "Selected Keilor Court records."
Keilor Court records - Freepages - Ancestry.com
freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pobjoyoneill/.../keilcourt.h...
(found in a google search.)

ANDERSON, THOMAS LOVE, WILLIAM ASSAULTING THE COMP. BY STRIKING HIS HEAD AGAINST THE GROUND. 07 FEB 1865. DAMAGES 10/- COSTS ?2.2 IMMEDIATE PAYMENT.

Not many Tullamarine residents seem to have appeared at the Keilor court but the LOVE AFFAIR continued with William Love accusing Thomas Anderson of hitting him with a spade. The charge was dismissed.

LOVE, WILLIAM ANDERSON, THOMAS ASSAULTING COMPLAINANT WITH A SPADE AT TULLAMARINE ON 28 JAN 1865. 07 FEB 1865 DISMISSED

INSOLVENT COURT. Saturday, 11th March. (Before the Chief Commissioner.) SPECIAL EXAMINATION MEETING.
The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 - 1954) Monday 13 March 1865 p 6 Article
... . IN RE ROBERT GLENN.?The insolvent, who had been a farmer at Camp Hill, Tullamarine, was examined by ...

EXTRACT ONLY. He (Robert Glenn)affirmed his inability to tell the whereabouts of his partner, who had gone off he knew not whither. The wife of the insolvent was then called, and admitted that, on the occasion mentioned, she gave a book and a number of papers to a man named Guthrie, who was working in the garden, to keep them for
her. She was corroborated by Guthrie.

Broadmeadows' ratebook of 1863 had assessments for Hugh Junor Browne and for Glenn and Guthrie on Camp Hill. While researching Alex Guthrie and his brother,firstly on Glengyle (section 1 Tullamarine) and later near Sunbury,I thought that the Guthrie on Camp Hill might have been one of those two brothers but he wasn't. He might have been a third brother or totally unrelated. Robert Glenn said that he didn't know the whereabouts of his partner, whose brother W.J.Guthrie was the man working in the garden and who testified in court.

At first I thought that Glenn and Guthrie would have been on the part of Camp Hill between Bulla and Broadmeadows Rd later known as Mansfield's triangle but then realised that being Broadmeadows ratepayers they would have to be between Bulla Rd and the Moonee Ponds Creek.

1866.
The Hendry family had probably taken over Alexander Train's store and it was to be the polling place in Tullamarine for the South Province election. The polling places in Bulla was the common school (by 1866 in School Lane, I believe)and in Broadmeadows Township the Church of England School (on the site of the present Westmeadows Primary School, having earlier been on Mr Raleigh's farm and then in St Paul's if I remember the school's history correctly.) Keilor's was in the court house,now better known as the old shire hall.

Mrs. Hendry's store, Tullamarine. (P.8, Argus,1-10-1866.)

1867.
Campbellfield Cemetery was the Will Will Rook Cemetery in this case too.
THE Friends of Mr. JOHN GRANT, of Seafield, Tullamarine, are respectfully invited to follow the remains of his late daughter Mary Christina, to the place of interment, Campbellfield Cemetery. The funeral will leave his residence, Seafield, tomorrow (Tuesday), October 8, at 11 o'clock a.m.HENRY ALLISON, undertaker, Victoria-street west, Melbourne. (P.8, Argus,7-10-1867.)

1868.
See comment 9 re Richard Mitchell's insolvency and Tullamarine residents paying rates to the Broadmeadows Road Board in 1863.